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Authors
- Up to six authors are now listed in a bibliography or reference list entry; if more than six, only the first three are listed, followed by “et al.” (See 13.23 and 13.78)
- If the same person is cited as both author and editor of a work, the name is given in full for both roles (See 14.12)
- An illustrator of a children's book can be cited similarly to an editor or translator (See 14.6)
- Chicago now prefers repeating the name of the author(s) rather than using a 3-em dash to stand in for repeated names in bibliographies or reference lists (See 13.72)
Titles
- An initial “A,” “An,” or “The” in a title is ignored when alphabetizing successive works by the same author by title in a bibliography or reference list (but a “Le,” “Un,” or the like is not ignored) (See 13.100)
- The subtitle “A Novel” can usually be omitted when the title of a book is mentioned or cited, even if it appears on the title page (See 13.91)
DOIs
- Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) should be formatted as a URL, such as: https://doi.org/10.1086/718629. Formatting DOIs as doi:... is considered a deprecated usage (See 13.7)
Indigenous Sources
- Caution against using older secondary sources of indigenous knowledge; acknowledging oral sources is preferable (See 14.136–37)
Journal Articles
- A month or season can now usually be omitted in citations of journal articles (See 13.26 and exceptions 14.70)
- For articles published online in advance of a print issue, include "ahead of print" as well as the posted publication date, volume, and issue (if available) (See 14.75)
- For articles that have been accepted for publication but not copyedited yet, use "forthcoming" and indicate the date the article was accepted (See 14.75)
- Preprints are cited similar to journal articles; include "preprint" followed by the name of the preprint server in place of the journal volume or issue number (See 14.76)
Books
- A place of publication is no longer required in citations of books published since 1900 (See 14.30)
Book Chapters
- The page range for a cited chapter in an edited book is no longer required in a bibliography or reference list entry (though a page range is still required for most journal articles) (See 14.8)
- When citing entries in reference works, in the footnote, use "under" rather than "s.v." or "s.vv." (See 14.130)
Presentations
- Information about a cited presentation is no longer enclosed in parentheses in a note (See 14.115)
Chat GPT/ AI Tools
- Guidance for citing chatbots or AI tools (See 14.112)
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