APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Secondary Sources

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase then write "as cited in" the secondary source in parentheses. List only the secondary source in your reference list.

Example of in-text citation:

According to a study by Smith (as cited in Hanrahan, et al., 2005)...

Example of Reference list citation:

Hanrahan, P., McCoy, M. L., Cloninger, L., Dincin, J., Zeitz, M. A., Simpatico, T. A., & Dincin, J. (2005). The Mothers’ Project for homeless mothers with mental illnesses and their children: A pilot study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(3), 291-294. https://doi.org/10.2975/28.2005.291.294